Productive Or Unproductive (in Norm Is Not Present;

Productive or unproductive (in norm is not present; small quantity - to 30 ml/days; average quantity - 30-100 ml/days; a considerable quantity - 100 ml/days and more. The structure is defined by its place Origins, vagus - or influence, quality and in volume Defeats systems, age of the patient, accompanying Pathology and factors. Types and quantity of a saliva: the Thickness of slime at level Bronchial tubes I, II order-5-10 a micron. Such layer can move particles In weight to 10-12 mg with speed 0, 1 mm for 1 second Approximate structure at the healthy: Alveolar - 80 %; - 10 %; - 10 %). The basic integrated sign of the normal - vjazkost=150-600 (voda=0,01-0,05 ). Viscosity is connected With the maintenance in neutral , , Enzymes and slime. can be: 1. - mucous (to 5 % Dense substances); 2. - purulent (6-10 % of dense substances); 3. - (more than 11 % of dense substances); 4. - watery, foamy, , multilayered etc. Smelling as a dirt usually It is connected with an infection, including with and a pneumonia.

The Form And Topografo-anatomic Mutual Relations With Adjacent

The form and topografo-anatomic Mutual relations with adjacent formations depend on their degree . Vyvodnye apertures bosoms are located in Medial part of a forward wall, is closer to its upper edge, and Open in a nose cavity at level of the back end of the top nasal Course. Trellised labyrinth (laburinthus ethmoidalis) Set of bosoms (cells) of the trellised bone informed among themselves and With a nose cavity. Allocate forward, average and back cells. Lobbies Cells open in average, back - in top, averages - in The top or average nasal course. Cells settle down in 3-4 numbers, Their quantity fluctuates from 5 to 15. Methods of research of bosoms of a nose. In diagnostics of diseases of bosoms of a nose use external examination, Allowing to reveal in the field of projections of bosoms, thresholds of an oral cavity and Hard palate a swelling, soft fabrics, , a fistula. With the help and estimate a consistence of fabrics in the field of a projection of bosoms, reveal their morbidity. Gives the chance to examine nasal courses and nasal bowls, to define Mucous membrane condition, character separated from bosoms.

Potovye Glands Make With The Years Smaller Quantity

Potovye glands make with the years Smaller quantity of sweat. It worsens a thermoregulation condition. With Age as growth of warts and other stains increases. The additional information on this section in references: hematomas., liver disease, heart disease arteriosclerosis Head. Hair, a scalp, a skull and the person (see More low) Eyes. External structures visually. Mark (dispersing) (foto f6k), (converging) (foto 6i), (up), (from top to bottom) - squint kinds. Internal Structures of eyes can be observed with use in To the blacked out room. Ears. External structures simply look round, and it is possible to examine internal structures of external acoustical pass. Nose and bosoms. The form of a nose and a skin condition outwardly looks round. Mucous a nose and internal structures (a nose bosom) (FOTO 6d) (foto 6e) (foto 6d) can be investigated with use of the special lighter (= a trance illumination) and a nasal reflector. Mouth and a drink lips, gums Look round, Teeth, the sky, language and a drink.

A Mukotselljuljarnyj Road Clearance (production 1-1,5 L A

A mukotselljuljarnyj road clearance (production 1-1,5 l a day). Production begins with alveoluses (, ), further its basic source-bokalovidnye Cages mucous and bronchial tubes. Allocation : in norm - is not present; Small quantity - to 30 ml/days; average quantity - 30-100 Ml/days; a considerable quantity - 100 ml/days and more. can be: 1. - mucous (to 5 % Dense substances); 2. - purulent (6-10 % of dense substances); 3. - (More than 11 % of dense substances); 4. - watery, foamy, , Multilayered etc. the Structure is defined by its place Origins, influence on glands mucous or , Quality and in defeat volume systems, age The patient, an accompanying pathology and other factors. The basic integrated (= uniting) the general sign of the normal - vjazkost=150-600 (voda=0,01-0,05 ). Viscosity is connected With the maintenance in neutral , , DNA-enzymes and slime. A thickness of slime at level of bronchial tubes I, II order Makes usually 5-10 microns. Such layer can move particles in weight To 10-12 mg with a speed of 0,1 mm for 1 (6 mm a minute).

Are Observed At Albinism, Syndrome German-gudlaka ( Albinism

are observed at albinism, Syndrome German-gudlaka ( albinism with Defects and a diathesis), the Cross-country - syndrome Poppy-kjusika-brina ( albinism with , Development backlog, hypertone of muscles and ). Partial albinism (Piebaldism), inherited On autosom-but-prepotent to type, it is characterised Plaques in frontal area, a forward part of a head (therefore There is a white lock of hair), on a thorax, in the field of knee and Elbow joints. Plaques are caused by local absence or Number reduction also do not disappear. The syndrome of Vardenburga is inherited on It autosomno-is prepotent to type, it is characterised by white locks of hair, Defects of a pigment and skin hypopigmentation, , Wide nose bridge, corners of eyes, congenital deafness. The tuberoznyj sclerosis is inherited on To autosomno-prepotent type, it is characterised by stains as the white Sheet of the small size (1-3 sm), localised mainly on Trunk, fibromatous small knots on a skin of a forehead, a trunk, hands and feet, Intellectual backwardness, epilepsy, small knots in a bark and areas, retinas, hearts, kidneys, lungs and bones.

Though It Is Real, Taking Into Account "the

Though it is real, taking into account "the human" factor It is necessary to believe that sensitivity of a method makes about 80 %. Experts NLHEP in such cases to exclude defects at Office , recommend to confirm or reject with the help Full diagnostic with use FVC and FEV1/FVC %, and as measurement of others Volumes and indexes of functions of bronho-pulmonary system. Revealing of a syndrome of hypoventilation of lungs The respiratory system of the person carries out set Functions as major of which are considered: delivery of oxygen from Pulmonary capillary system to surrounding fabrics and body bodies, and Washing away of carbonic gas by a stream of blood from fabrics with carrying over to Pulmonary capillary network. Metabolic manufacture and saturation Fabrics 2 occurs quickly enough and infringements of ventilation of lungs and Washing away from fabrics 2 quickly increases pressure (PaCO2). Alveolar hypoventilation () is defined as The insufficient ventilation conducting to increase PaCO2 (= ).

Preparations Beta-2-adrenergicheskih Receptors (antagonists And ) Long Action

Preparations beta-2-adrenergicheskih receptors (antagonists and ) long action (LABAs), Type formoterol and salmeterol, it is recommended in standards of treatment 2006 GOLD for long therapy and reduction of displays of variety Symptoms COPD. These preparations have the big duration Actions in comparison with SABA (> 12 against 4-6 hours). Relative Time to a floor of a life of these preparations considers daily changes Vegetative regulation during the periods of a dream and wakefulness of patients and Provides the continuous day and night control over a gleam Bronchial tubes. It helps to protect patients from attacks and Constant short wind during the periods of day activity also improves state of health At patients with essential night problems. It is important to note, at appointment formoterol'a Speed of the beginning of action of a preparation makes, usually, about 5 minutes and Is comparable to speed of the beginning of action albuterol'a and even Slightly faster, than at appointment salmeterol'a.

(= Or A Crunch). As Believe, Occur, When

(= or a crunch). As Believe, occur, when air opens the closed alveoluses. it is listened with some ottenkami: - crude, dry, clear and The rough. Allocate: Crepitatio indux (from an armour. initial) - . - Laenneka noise. (crepitatio; from an armour. crepito To creak, crackle) - sensation or cracklings, Arising at or . gas (with. gasea; . Hypodermic) At soft fabrics or at pressing on them a head The phonendoscope, observed at a hypodermic emphysema. bone (with. ossea) at palpation Crisis areas in early terms after a trauma, caused by the mutual Friction bone . hypodermic (.subcutanea) - sin. - gas. a navel (with. umbilici) - under a skin in Navel areas at perforation of a stomach or an intestines at the patient with Umbilical hernia. (with. tencUnea) - in area vaginas of the sinews, arising at movement; a symptom . Various descriptive terms are used for Descriptions of character and properties . For example, sounds of the rumpled Cellophane (damp, dry etc.), but it is possible to define and so: Faltering weak intensity the sounds accompanying the termination of a breath, Are called .

Further Conduct Research Shei. - The Form, A

Further conduct research shei. - the form, a condition of a skin, hypodermic , (palpated and-or visible) from both parties of a neck and the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) is estimated visually and at . (palpated) External estimation of a condition of a throat and the top part of a trachea Complex of cartilages and the connected structures in the beginning tracheas (trachea) , In pharynx, or a throat. At people and at the majority of other mammals, The press-uniform cricoid a cartilage () forms a basis of a throat and has a rest On a trachea. A cartilage of a thyroid gland which forms visible on a neck Adam's apple (Adam's apple). Behind it are available (pivoting) connection cartilages. Each pyramidal cartilage operates as mobile (movable) a joint for vocal chords and (laryngeal) muscles of a throat which sheaves operate. Other two small connected cartilages, (cuneiform and corniculate), also behind to a thyroid gland cartilage (thyroid cartilage). More in detail sm elastic cartilage; notch; lid.

Rattles (Rhonchi = Sounds Which Resemble On A

Rattles (Rhonchi = sounds which resemble On a snore). They arise, when movement of air streams through the big Air lines (a drink, a trachea, large bronchial tubes) it is complicated or Has a barrier. Rattles - high, the sounds made narrowed By air lines also are more often listened in the end of a breath or in the end Exhalation. The general reasons of occurrence of rattles: the Barrier to an air stream; the Emphysema emphysema; the Asthma; a hypostasis of lungs; Bronchiectasis; Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis; Acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis; interstitsialnye illnesses of a lung; a pneumonia; etc. http://www.cardionics.com; The term "Vezikuljarnoe breath" - Designating the usual normal breath listened in the defined Zones over a thorax. It can be: weakened at: - a spasm Throats; - a congestion of a liquid (air) in a pleural cavity; - Crisis (bruise) of edges; - high standing of a diaphragm (a diaphragm hernia); - To emphysema of lungs; - a syndrome of Pikvika; - the other reasons; the strengthened At: - psychoemotional excitation; - physical activity; - To the raised body temperature; etc.

This Indicator Allows To Estimate An Effective Alveolar

This indicator Allows to estimate an effective alveolar exchange of oxygen and Carbonic gas with the external air environment. 5. Gases blood (the arterial!). Kislotno-alkaline balance and alveoljarno-arterial gradient on To oxygen can be calculated as And - (a gradient in room air) Can be estimated approximately as (150 - pCO2*1.25) - arterial pO2. This gradient And should be less than 9 for age of the patient of 20 years, And for age of 80 years - less than 24. Features of pains in a thorax at diseases of respiratory organs Sources of a pain of a breast Pain sources can appear in various places and result of the various reasons: - In thorax walls, including edges, muscles, nervous fibres and a skin; - In a back part of a thorax, including a backbone, nerves and back muscles; - In lungs, a pleura or a trachea; - An aorta and heart, including a pericardium; - A gullet, a diaphragm with its flat muscles and which separate a chest cavity from the belly; - Reflected and pains from many bodies of type of a stomach, a bilious bubble and a pancreas.

Correct And Sufficient Research Patients Supplements The Basic

Correct and sufficient research Patients supplements the basic signs and allows to spend more precisely The differential diagnosis. The chest pain can be initial, primary The complaint and, often, demands detailed research not only chest Cages, but also all organism. Features , for example, with a chest pain syndrome can include researches of patients: Measurement of arterial pressure (BP), frequencies Pulse (PR), frequencies of breath (RR), a body temperature and blood oxygenation Oxygen (O2), etc. At research of a head and a neck allocate: * arteries and head veins * veins of a neck or their swelling, * carotids and bulbs of carotids on presence of noise. a thorax (palpation) At any are identified Anatomic deviations or uglinesses. Symmetry and mutual is estimated Arrangement a thorax. Smoothness of movements the chest Cages, presence or zones of the changed sensitivity, etc. (tactile fremitus ++ 05) a thorax It is necessary to remember that for effective Thorax various technicians are applied.

However, Often Use Of These Preparations Already Is

However, often Use of these preparations already is represented disputable because of good Documentary adverse reactions. Therefore now (theophyllin) are considered as choice preparations The third line after inhalation beta2-adrenergicheskih receptors of antagonists and agents Because of frequency, gravity and types of adverse reactions and them The limited clinical efficiency. Fears concerning the scheme Treatments are connected with its small therapeutic window and The wide range, the toxic effects connected with a toxic dose. The collateral reactions connected with treatment , include Possible fatal and forms , spasms and Convulsions, headaches, a sleeplessness, a nausea and, often, a heartburn. Combinations at treatment . Treatment with application of various means, including with application beta2 - receptors of antagonists, preparations and-or have shown that It is always more preferable to combination to provide Additional improvement of functions of lungs and the general status of health Patients with COPD in comparison with therapy with a unique preparation.

, Including Cough "Tea Taste" At . Allocate Also

, including cough "Tea taste" at . Allocate also cough sharp and Chronic (after 3 weeks sharp). Cough can be dry and with Branch . Besides in the various can be included Components - purulent, fibrinous clots or blood elements. I result one of the elementary algorithms of diagnostics of the nature of cough SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSES The help and consultations 1. How cough for a long time has begun? More 3 weeks ago? YES Pass to Go to 12. ** NO 2. How looks at cough - pink, foamy? YES Plentiful foamy pink colour m. At a sharp hypostasis of lungs. YES Immediate hospitalisation on . NO 3. Cough is accompanied transparent or faintly yellow, ? YES To thicket meets at virus infections COLD or FLU. YES Hospitalisation in infectious branch NO 4. has brown, green or other colour? YES Infection of type CHRONIC BRONCHITIS or, at a fever - a pneumonia. YES Additional inspection (, auscultation, ) NO 5. Cough strengthens a short wind and rattles on an exhalation? YES Often at ASTHMA or obstructions of respiratory ways.

Features Of Pains In A Thorax At Diseases

Features of pains in a thorax at diseases of respiratory organs The important basic Sign of many diseases of a thorax and respiratory organs is Intensity, character and duration of a chest pain. Measurement Intensity of a pain strongly depends on set of the reasons, however to The present remains subjective enough criterion. There is variety of techniques, algorithms and the schemes allowing approximately, To floor - in the quantitative way on a special scale (illustration sm) To measure intensity of a pain. Pains at breath. Pains at breath (more often In total are connected with a pleura) it is necessary to distinguish from:) ; Intercostal neuralgia; ; surrounding depriving; Damages of edges; , bruises, etc. SO chest pain principal causes include: Menacing conditions: 1) heart troubles: - Myocardium heart attack; - a stenocardia; - ; 2) illnesses Sosudov:-stratifying an aorta aneurysm; - pulmonary Arteries; 3) illnesses : - ; - gullet damage; 4) illnesses of respiratory organs: - a lung heart attack; - ; - Pleurisy; - a pneumonia.