THORAX - A Condition Estimation Definition Of The

THORAX - a condition estimation Definition of the major functions systems Diagnostics of some diseases systems at the elderly Features of diagnostics of syndromes warmly - vascular system at elderly Definition of the major functions warmly - vascular system Stomach vessels - on a skin, at , at and on ultrasonic Vessels of the bottom finitenesses - arteries and veins. Rhythm infringements - the simplified estimation of infringements of a rhythm-ekstrasistolija, vibrating , etc. Features of diagnostics of diseases at the elderly Language, gullet, stomach, intestines, etc. Diagnostics of some diseases systems at elderly men and women. THE CONCLUSION References to sources, illustrations and clips and clips Dear readers The author all approaches to that age, when more close The knowledge of gerontology to become necessity for introspection. Set of the errors separated and the inconsistent information in The Internet on these subjects includes also opinion of the author. Therefore, if Consider it necessary, read and unpack free of charge on the printer That has turned out and is exposed on page http://www.

Restriktivnyj Syndrome Reduction Of Volumes FVC Against Normal

Restriktivnyj syndrome Reduction of volumes FVC against normal or The increased volumes of parity FEV1 to FVC it should be considered as Diagnostic signal for an exception (restrictive) Illnesses of lungs. As FEV1 is fraction (share) FVC, Parity FEV1 to FVC can be kept on normal or slightly The raised level. Total amount measurement helps with such cases Lungs (TLC) and residual volume of lungs (RV) which can To confirm a syndrome lungs. (Sm of illustration Media File). Quantitative definition of changes of spirometric indicators At normal values of indicators (FVC, FEV1 and relation FEV1 to FVC) they, usually, above the bottom Settlement level according to the formula and a due limit. Most The low limit of such normal values is certain by expert group GOLD on the basis of results of the average predicted value , the floor of patients based on factors, age and Growth a minus 1.64 (a standard error of tests at studying of specifications For population). If value of the bottom limit of norm is not known or It is inaccessible, FVC and FEV1 for comparison should be big or To equal 80 % to volumes from due (= or predicted), and Relation FEV1 to FVC should be no more, than on 8-9 absolute Points of percent below the predicted parity.

2. Formation Of Patients: It Is Necessary To

2. Formation of patients: It is necessary To recommend to patients corresponding skills of self-checking, management Current and asthma aggravations. Thus a written plan of action at For asthma it is necessary for each patient. This plan should include Instructions for daily treatment also as strategy for detection And managements of an aggravation of asthma attacks. Unlike the previous recommendations and principles, EPR-3 Underlines necessity of strengthening and achievement of possibilities out of Medical institution of training and training of patients on the new Program points. These points include drugstores, schools, public The centres and special houses of patients. 3. The control of factors of environment and other starting mechanisms of development of attacks of an asthma: Measures of isolation for restriction of influence of an allergy and other trigger Mechanisms of development of an asthma in practice seldom happen sufficient for The concrete patient so rules EPR-3 consider for Uses of a combination from several strategy.

- Vials Round A Lip Assume A Herpes.

- Vials round a lip assume a herpes. - Petehii on lips help to notice infringements of system of curling sometimes. - The painless long ulcer on a lower lip assumes a lip cancer. - Firm formation on a lower lip assumes . - Otechnaja with the changed colour an upper lip often Testifies about a hypostasis. top and bottom Lips with a hemorrhage sometimes assume Stephen's syndrome - Johnson. -- The pale skin round a mouth and a fever demands a scarlet fever exception (a sign of Filatova) from the patient. Estimation of a mucous mouth Lips, gums, a teeth, the mouth sky, language and a drink usually looks round with the lighter. (pharynx). For this research are necessary bright light and . In the beginning Attentively examine colour mucous a mouth which is one of The most sensitive places for hyperpigmentation occurrence. For example, Brown stains on mucous a mouth assume illness of Addisona. Pay attention to that the Afro-Americans sometimes have the brown Stains on a cheek against molars.

Htm Blood Vessels. Type Hypodermic Vascular Network On Hands,

htm Blood vessels. type Hypodermic vascular network on hands, feet and a trunk. In addition to It is desirable for estimation of a condition of the patient to estimate its mental faculties , Memory state and emotional level. Further I result more detailed description of sequence of objective inspection. 2.9.0 Survey and heads and necks . the impression about the patient is designated by the term: HABITUS (armour) - Appearance, appearance. A constitution, a bearing, colour of a skin, expression Persons, eyes and . The signs, allowing to assume a condition Health of the patient and / either predispositions to what or to diseases (Adiposity, , and ).: HABITUS MITRALIS - Low growth, a flush on cheeks, lips, a nose tip , Lobes of the ears, the expressed pallor of a skin of a forehead, a triangle And the raised humidity of a skin of brushes of hands. HABITUS PHTHYSICUS - Asthenic or slender constitution, thin skin, gentle Flush on the cheeks, is bluish - shining , expressed In axillary hollows.

) At Research Of Streams Of Air As One

) At research of streams of air as one of the major functions of lungs should consider 1. The maximum forced volume of an exhalation for 1 second (FEV1) which should be repeated three times in 2-3 minutes. 2. To estimate lung volumes, the core from Which is (= TLC), thus if TLC <80 % follows To consider the reasons diseases of lungs. And at TLC> 120 % - presence of the diseases leading to an emphysema. Increase RV (Residual volume) and increase in parity RV/TLC mean Obstructive conditions. 3. An estimation of streams of air of type a loop-volume (analogue 1 = FEV1) Graphic record of simultaneously received Lung volume for the first second of the forced exhalation can be It is useful to full representation about a condition of pulmonary function, but Most precisely this indicator reflects a condition of obstruction of the top Respiratory ways. 4. Diffuzionnaja function of lungs. The condition of this function depends on qualities alveolar and capillary Surfaces of membranes, and as from a condition blood and Conditions of blood circulation limits of a small circle.

Expressiveness Of A Short Wind The Uncertain 1

Expressiveness of a short wind The uncertain 1 At lifting on 2-3 steps of a ladder 2 At lifting on 1-2 flights of stairs 3-4 Short wind in rest 5 6. Treatment influence Treatment was not used 1 Periodically beta-agonist 2 Through a mouth theophylline it is continuous 3 Regular use cromolyn' 4 Aerosols or per os 5 Gravity of illness estimate as the SCORE for all 6 signs. Interpretation: the minimum sum = 6 points; maximum = 30. The low sum specifies on low reactance Bronchial tree at patients with a bronchial asthma (are required more High doses for the spastic answer of bronchial tubes); High The sum specifies on high activity of the bronchial Tree. More in detail sm Brooks SM, Bernstein IL, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990 17-26. Additional signs which can be connected with this illness: Chest pains; a thorax; change of a regularity of breath (= heterogeneities); Intermittence of a rhythm of breath, etc. Additional tests and tests on revealing of signs of an asthma: Estimation of a condition of an allergy it can be useful In identification of early forms of an asthma at patients with frequent attacks Asthma.

The Elementary Questionnaire According To Quality Of Cough

The elementary questionnaire according to quality of cough (Cough). The usual reasons of chronic cough Long hyperventilation of lungs; a nasopharynx Pathology; - a syndrome Other reasons (more rare) of chronic cough Lung cancer; illnesses of a throat; illnesses of an ear; Medicinal allergies (for example ACE ); the psychological Factors. Reflex cough The basic receptors of cough are in a nose, To nasopharynx, throats, the top part of a trachea and the main bronchial tubes (). Other sites of receptors of cough: an ear membrane, a diaphragm, Gullet, pericardium, etc. the Centripetal nerves participating in the certificate Cough: trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, top and vagus. Efferentnye nerves: returnable guttural, vagus, a path And peripheral nerves. The cough reflex begins with a deep breath, It is accompanied by closing of a vocal crack, a relaxation of muscles of a diaphragm and Reduction of the chest and belly muscles participating in an exhalation. Thus rises intrachest and Intrapleural pressure 100-300 mm Hg and the subsequent opening Vocal crack allows to exhale sharply a stream of air with a speed 12 L/s Productive cough - "normal" The quantity at cough is not known; usually cleared through a road clearance bronchial tubes, at the healthy allocate to 1,5 Litre a day.

At Patients Without Superfluous Production As There Is

At patients without superfluous production as there is an obstructive syndrome, a bright sign Which the emphysema of lungs is. Younger patients (till 30 years) With signs of an early emphysema and an obstructive syndrome, especially not Smokers, should be investigated on presence an alpha-1-antitripsinovogo Deficiency. It is necessary to notice that average terms of a survival at patients with FEV1 less than make 1 litre on the statistican four years. Research of some indicators of blood. Estimation blood counts at Chronic bronchitis out of an aggravation it is a little informative, however at The extensive and expressed inflammation this test is informative. Detection Signs which are usually shown at late stages Illnesses, and detection of these changes in arterial gases of blood Testifies about a chronic bronchitis and expressed Ventilating insufficiency of lungs which always are Secondary in relation to a bronchospasm and an inflammation. Accompanying almost always it is connected with deterioration of ventilation of lungs.

The Mezomorfnyj Face Type Is Usually Combined With

The mezomorfnyj face type is usually combined with fine muscles (from the kostno-muscular system is formed). The ektomorfnyj type is characterised Triangular type the form of the person. it is usually covered by the fine Thick hair. The skull form testifies to the considerable Intellectual inclinations. On expression, the form, a condition of a skin and Hypodermically-fatty persons it is possible to assume not features Character and behaviour, but also some diseases or conditions The patient. For example: - It is often possible to find out in elderly patients on a face skin and bodies the brown become horny plaques - senile (it is necessary to distinguish from a cancer of a skin - bazalno-cellular and brown - ); (foto 6a1). (foto 6a2). - Often enough there is a hyperpigmentation of sites Skin of a forehead, the cheeks, connected with hormonal changes at pregnancy, Long application contraceptives, is more rare - with action of decorative cosmetics; a symptom (A.Jeffrey, 1844-1908), - absence of wrinkles at attempt to frown, Observed at patients a toxic craw.

The Modern Person, According To The New Researches,

The modern person, according to the new Researches, has occurred from region adjoining on modern Sahara Central-east Africa the Source: DNA of modern people has kept also the distinct Traces of ancient migrations of the person. "Each drop of human blood Comprises the book of history written by language of our genes ", - has told Spenser Vells - one of participants of the project. A genetic code, Or a gene, the person on 99,9 % it is identical at all human individuals, in Each part of the world. Only remained 0,1 % answer (partly) for ours Specific features, such as colour of eyes or predisposition To certain illnesses. the American scientists have found out, why to us so It is difficult to notice individual external distinctions of representatives of others Races. As it is known, for the European all Chineses or Japanese look Identical, and inhabitants of Asia, in turn, hardly distinguish the friend From the friend of Europeans. Before was considered that this matter of habit - people with Other colour of a skin seem us so unusual that them We simply do not perceive individual distinctions.

The Reasons Of A Bronchitis - Infections And

The reasons of a bronchitis - infections and a tobacco smoking Smoking - One of the important risk factors for occurrence and development Chronic bronchitis. More than 90 percent from patients with the chronic Bronchitis have the experience of the smoker, though only 15 % from all smokers in The final account diagnose further an obstructive syndrome of lungs. In connection with it is shown that full 10-year-old death rate after Statements of the diagnosis of a chronic bronchitis makes about 50 percent With typical development of respiratory insufficiency. In a final stage Bronchitis are marked as strengthening respiratory Aggravations of a bacterial infection with the advent of purulent , Fevers and deterioration of signs of ventilation of lungs. Another known and The conventional reason of a sharp chronic bronchitis are virus And bacterial associations in the top respiratory ways and a nasopharynx, Infectious diseases, seasonal changes of the weather, some medicines, and air. As the most frequent associations of bacteria of a nasopharynx and the top part of a trachea and the main bronchial tubes consider Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Presence , , Backlog In Intellectual And Physical

Presence , , backlog in intellectual and physical development, Distinguishes this rare an inherited syndrome from illness of Koudena. As additional signs at this syndrome the pigmentary serve at men Stains on a head of a sexual member, often Gothic sky and Hypermobility of joints. You have read 7 the text of the book of professor Hramova And Therapeutic syndromes. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2007-2008 THE MAINTENANCE Introduction 1. The short review of anatomy and functions Bronho-pulmonary system (it is a pity that on page there is no possibility To place fine illustrations, algorithms and clips). 2. Ways of revealing of syndromes of diseases of bronho-pulmonary system * Complaints of patients and feature of the questionnaire of quality of a life * Cough and its versions * Features of pains in a thorax at diseases of respiratory organs * Short wind and its kinds * History of disease, life and hereditary factors 3. Fizikalnye researches and clips on this theme (Bronchospasm asthma emphysema) * Research of the patient (a head; ears; Nose; nose bosoms; a throat; smells of the person; a neck; the chest Cage; etc.

To Check Up It, Attentively Listen To A

To check up it, attentively Listen to a carotid and-or spend its ultrasonic Research. Thus, if soft pressing an artery during time Listenings are changed by quality of the sound perceived by the patient. It Testifies that the sound reason is connected with a carotid pathology. Patients with ventrikulo-peritonealnymi shunts (At low intracranial pressure) can sometimes hear the soft Smooth sound. Patients with attacks can hear click sounds. Well-known that negligent procedure an internal hollow vein on lines can sometimes To cause sensations and sounds of vials in ears. Eustachian tube inflammation often It is accompanied by obvious sounds of clicks which hears even the investigating The doctor through during time when the patient swallows. Sometimes this symptom (Leudet'á) it is shown as a ring in ears. At an inflammation of a middle ear patients sometimes hear own sounds of breath. Ring in ears with dizziness or dizziness Separately, which disappears at the big height (= flights in the plane), Offers possible illness of Minera (symptom Bigger').

At Survey Of Such Patients Always Typical Signs

At survey of such patients always Typical signs of change of the form of a thorax, come to light - Box sound, absent-minded sonorous dry (and sometimes and Mixed damp) rattles and always - lengthening of time of an exhalation. Often enough it is possible to listen to the rough The cracklings beginning with a breath and rattles after the compulsory Tussiculations and exhalation strengthenings. The symptom is almost always marked , Drum-type sticks and other signs chronic . The status of consciousness of the patient can be lowered It (is oppressed) at serious increase PaCO2 (more than 50 mm ). Patients With the central alveolar hypoventilation, COPD and fatness The hypoventilating syndrome can testify and to the pulmonary Hypertensions. The last include: strengthening of a pulmonary component of the second Tone (P2) a warm sound, the big component of "wave" of venous pulse to a pole, a deviation of the right border of heart to the right, Superfluous pulsation in , etc. Sometimes it is possible for area To listen to noise and S4 on the right (in vertical position The patient).